Fumble
- The distinction between a fumble and a muff should be kept in mind in considering rules about fumbles. A fumble is the loss of player possession of the ball. A muff is the touching of a loose ball by a player in an unsuccessful attempt to obtain possession.
- A fumble may be advanced by any player on either team regardless of whether recovered before or after ball hits the ground.
- A fumble that goes forward and out of bounds will return to the fumbling team at the spot of the fumble unless the ball goes out of bounds in the opponent’s end zone. In this case, it is a touchback.
NFL Rules Digest: Fumble
The textbook definition of a fumble never mentions if a ball hits the ground or not.. It is not part of the discussion, so part of your confusion is introducing things that aren't in the rules and thinking they're true.
Think back to the Texans game when Brady got sacked, the ball popped up into the air, and Clowney returned it for a touchdown. That was ruled a fumble for Brady even though the ball never hit the ground.
"A fumble is the loss of player possession of the ball."
That was indisputable.
If a runner switches it from 1 hand to another, sure, that's possession. And if my aunt had balls, she'd be my uncle. That's not what actually happened.
The ball was dislodged by a defensive player, some combo of Harmon on the elbow and Butler below punching at it. Both guys knew it was a fumble right away. I don't think they knew it was a touchback exactly, but at the very least, it could have been ruled out at the 1 and give the defense another chance to save the TD.
If people want to dispute possession or whatever else, we can have that discussion. But the fumble part is the most blatantly clear piece of the entire thing.