Off the top of my head (because I'm too lazy/preoccupied to do more right now), here are some of the medieval examples.
- The scientific method for chemistry was developed by Hayan, an eighth century scientist.
- The first windmill was created in Persia.
- The theory of evolution was expressed during the ninth or tenth century by an Islamic scientist
- Significant contributions to algebra
- Very important contributions to astronomy (almucantara, etc.)
- Kerosene
- Medical and surgical advances
There are numerous others, and for those, as well as details on what I mentioned above, Google is useful. In the post-medieval world, not a whole hell of a lot came out of the Muslim world; at least compared to before. But the wider point is that scientific advances were definitely a part of the Islamic world, and many of those found their way to Europe through the returning Crusaders.