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I think it's a little more complicated in this case, because the employer is asking the employee to do something that has some inherent risks already.
Obviously, observing Ramadan isn't just a whim, it's a requirement of the faith. Most Muslim athletes (and even just regular folks with serious fitness regimes) routinely alter their workout patterns during Ramadan and monitor their bodies carefully to avoid danger.
Given that the team and its doctors handle the pacing and monitoring in this case, how much responsibility do they bear for the player's well-being? What should he expect of them, and what should they expect of him in terms of safety and communication? IMO it ought to be worked out in advance, in writing, not just because of the threat of lawsuits but to protect the player's health.
Pretty much every job has some inherent risks. And I'd say that just shows the opposite. Say your employment requires you to drive a truck. Surely it should be understood by any reasonable person that you must not increase the inherent risks by risky behaviour of your own (driving stoned or drunk or while talking on a mobile phone) and that, if you do that, it should be you that bear the consequences. You're the one who made something that is somewhat risky far more so. On the other hand, it seems equally obvious to me that the employer has to take reasonable steps to protect you -- make sure your truck has safe brakes and so on, but that's another matter.
Which is not to say that, for Muslims, Ramadam is a whim. Far from it. Nor is it easy, as I've observed, particularly when the month is before the equinox and you are fairly far north. It's tough to sustain whatever your job. For an athlete, I imagine it is almost impossible to perform at anything like your peak. But it's your decision -- I guess you can get a lot out of training camp even if you're far from being in peak condition.
I'm not saying this to excuse those clubs who think that the way to prepare athletes is to subject them to extremes way beyond what is healthy (practising in extreme heat without water) and see if they break. Those b*st*rds deserve to get sued (the more so since there's no reason to think that it's even an effective way to train.)











