Adderall = Amphetamines..... People can run faster jump higher, faster reflexes etc. Use to be very popular with base ball players in the sixties.
They were popular in baseball and known as "greenies" but they do not have the direct effects that you mention. Adderall, as others have noted, is a mixture of the isomers of amphetamine and is a powerful stimulant. If you have ADD, ADHD, or narcolepsy you have a legit reason to take it.
Take a low dose and it is like a more prolonged shot of caffeine:
-if you were sleepy, you become not so sleepy
-if you were tired, you become able to do your workouts (added motivation)
-if you were having trouble focusing, you can pay attention
Thus it works wonders for lots of people, at a dose far below what causes any type of euphoric reaction.
But if you take a dose not right for you (too much), you might experience
-prolonged sleeplessness
-accelerated heartbeat
-anxiety and panic attacks
-heart damage (after prolonged use).
Thus it is not among the drugs to pick to make you run faster or jump higher. It does make a dog-tired person get through a hectic day, however, which is likely the appeal for NFL players. Or it lets a tired guy go out late-night partying, which is another perceived plus in that age group.
One unapproved use is to grind up the tablets and snort the powder, which can give you a cocaine-like high but (WARNING) it comes with extreme risks- the heart effects and anxiety effects I mentioned, with a high that isn't really that extreme (less than cocaine for sure). That method gets you too much drug, too fast. Don't do it. Hopefully Jermaine wasn't either.