The Patriots could still make a trade and acquire a 1st round pick, but they would be forced to pick at the lower of the selections. In other words, if they end up with the 28th pick and trade someone (obviously not Garappolo), for the 22nd pick, they'd be forced to use the lower of the selections.
Goodell took away their first round pick, but he can't take away their right to make a trade. What he did do, was prevent the 2007 situation (when the Pats picked at #7 in 2008 due to a trade) from re-occurring.
Either way, there are only a very small amount of players on the team who would warrant a 1st round pick in the NFL. They are likely Brady and Gronk. It certainly isn't going to include Jimmy Garappolo.