Reasons that this is conclusive:
The rule per Mike Pereira: The entire ball must pass inside the outside edge of the upright.
In the frame preceding 1, the ball is obscured by the goal post. This leads me to believe that at 1, the ball has not yet passed the goal post.
In 1, part of the ball is not within the outside edge of the upright from this perspective. This is the BEFORE shot.
Because of issues with perspective, we need at least one additional shot AFTER the ball goes past the uprights in which part of the ball is not within the outside edge of the upright.
In every frame after 1, the ball is outside of the upright, so the preceding statement is satisfied.
CONCLUSION: At every point before and after the ball crossed the goal posts, some part of the ball is outside of the uprights. Therefore, even though we cannot tell exactly when the ball passes over the goal posts, we can say conclusively that part of the ball is beyond the outside edge of the uprights at whatever point that it does pass over.
By the rules of the NFL, the kick was no good, and the Patriots won the game.